1 CSV

1.1 Valós idejű földrengés adatok

Az adatok forrása: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/csv.php

Az all_month.csv állomány beolvasása:

X <- read.csv("https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/summary/all_month.csv", row.names = "id", as.is = c("time", "updated"))

Vizsgáljuk meg az adatokat:

str(X)
## 'data.frame':    10622 obs. of  21 variables:
##  $ time           : chr  "2019-06-17T05:31:45.640Z" "2019-06-17T05:31:01.170Z" "2019-06-17T05:26:22.367Z" "2019-06-17T05:06:04.990Z" ...
##  $ latitude       : num  36.7 37.6 66.4 34 34.9 ...
##  $ longitude      : num  -121 -119 -157 -118 -118 ...
##  $ depth          : num  2.82 5.12 0.2 2.7 5.64 2.07 13.6 5.33 22.4 0.49 ...
##  $ mag            : num  1.34 1.08 1.2 1.14 1.67 0.96 1.4 0.95 1.3 1.87 ...
##  $ magType        : Factor w/ 10 levels "","mb","mb_lg",..: 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 4 ...
##  $ nst            : int  8 10 NA 41 5 19 NA 20 NA 47 ...
##  $ gap            : num  200 96 NA 28 145 81 NA 110 NA 58 ...
##  $ dmin           : num  0.0423 0.0155 NA 0.0447 0.4196 ...
##  $ rms            : num  0.13 0.02 1.36 0.21 0.23 0.04 0.79 0.29 0.93 0.36 ...
##  $ net            : Factor w/ 17 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 8 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 1 4 ...
##  $ updated        : chr  "2019-06-17T05:33:22.016Z" "2019-06-17T05:38:03.241Z" "2019-06-17T05:31:25.989Z" "2019-06-17T05:09:54.665Z" ...
##  $ place          : Factor w/ 5596 levels "0km ESE of Manhattan, Montana",..: 810 5411 4182 3455 5166 4497 4734 960 4763 444 ...
##  $ type           : Factor w/ 5 levels "earthquake","explosion",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ horizontalError: num  1.17 0.7 NA 0.26 2.09 0.26 NA 0.6 NA 0.44 ...
##  $ depthError     : num  2.88 0.65 0.9 0.35 15.64 ...
##  $ magError       : num  0.45 0.22 NA 0.156 0.438 0.1 NA 0.176 NA 0.1 ...
##  $ magNst         : int  6 10 NA 28 14 4 NA 18 NA 18 ...
##  $ status         : Factor w/ 2 levels "automatic","reviewed": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ locationSource : Factor w/ 17 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 8 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 1 4 ...
##  $ magSource      : Factor w/ 20 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 9 9 1 3 3 9 1 3 1 5 ...
summary(X)
##      time              latitude        longitude          depth       
##  Length:10622       Min.   :-61.79   Min.   :-179.9   Min.   : -3.56  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.: 34.05   1st Qu.:-148.7   1st Qu.:  2.77  
##  Mode  :character   Median : 38.76   Median :-120.0   Median :  5.95  
##                     Mean   : 41.16   Mean   :-118.2   Mean   : 18.33  
##                     3rd Qu.: 58.09   3rd Qu.:-116.8   3rd Qu.: 13.40  
##                     Max.   : 85.39   Max.   : 180.0   Max.   :647.21  
##                                                                       
##       mag            magType          nst              gap       
##  Min.   :-1.250   ml     :7244   Min.   :  2.00   Min.   : 11.0  
##  1st Qu.: 0.750   md     :2704   1st Qu.:  9.00   1st Qu.: 66.0  
##  Median : 1.150   mb     : 541   Median : 15.00   Median : 96.0  
##  Mean   : 1.391   mww    :  66   Mean   : 20.88   Mean   :117.2  
##  3rd Qu.: 1.720   mwr    :  27   3rd Qu.: 27.00   3rd Qu.:150.0  
##  Max.   : 8.000   mb_lg  :  19   Max.   :191.00   Max.   :360.0  
##  NA's   :5        (Other):  21   NA's   :3504     NA's   :2754   
##       dmin              rms              net         updated         
##  Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   ak     :2751   Length:10622      
##  1st Qu.: 0.0223   1st Qu.:0.0900   ci     :2482   Class :character  
##  Median : 0.0487   Median :0.1800   nc     :2096   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 0.4149   Mean   :0.3139   nn     : 871                     
##  3rd Qu.: 0.1502   3rd Qu.:0.5000   us     : 753                     
##  Max.   :39.2640   Max.   :6.6100   pr     : 352                     
##  NA's   :2972      NA's   :1        (Other):1317                     
##                         place                type       horizontalError 
##  4km NNW of Glen Avon, CA  : 431   earthquake  :10378   Min.   : 0.080  
##  5km NNW of Glen Avon, CA  : 318   explosion   :   68   1st Qu.: 0.230  
##  7km NW of The Geysers, CA : 185   ice quake   :   45   Median : 0.350  
##  4km NW of Glen Avon, CA   : 152   other event :   33   Mean   : 1.445  
##  7km WNW of The Geysers, CA: 120   quarry blast:   98   3rd Qu.: 0.790  
##  6km WNW of The Geysers, CA: 111                        Max.   :92.100  
##  (Other)                   :9305                        NA's   :3781    
##    depthError         magError         magNst             status    
##  Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0.000   Min.   :  0.00   automatic:2506  
##  1st Qu.:  0.370   1st Qu.:0.106   1st Qu.:  4.00   reviewed :8116  
##  Median :  0.630   Median :0.157   Median :  8.00                   
##  Mean   :  2.588   Mean   :0.180   Mean   : 15.85                   
##  3rd Qu.:  1.570   3rd Qu.:0.224   3rd Qu.: 18.00                   
##  Max.   :679.500   Max.   :3.980   Max.   :523.00                   
##  NA's   :2         NA's   :3402    NA's   :2841                     
##  locationSource   magSource   
##  ak     :2753   ak     :2762  
##  ci     :2482   ci     :2482  
##  nc     :2096   nc     :2096  
##  nn     : 871   nn     : 871  
##  us     : 750   us     : 734  
##  pr     : 352   pr     : 352  
##  (Other):1318   (Other):1325

A sztring típusú time és updated oszlopokat alakítsuk időbélyegekké:

library(lubridate)
## 
## Attaching package: 'lubridate'
## The following object is masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     date
X <- transform(X, time = ymd_hms(time), updated = ymd_hms(updated))
summary(X)
##       time                        latitude        longitude     
##  Min.   :2019-05-18 05:45:58   Min.   :-61.79   Min.   :-179.9  
##  1st Qu.:2019-05-26 04:59:41   1st Qu.: 34.05   1st Qu.:-148.7  
##  Median :2019-06-02 05:01:24   Median : 38.76   Median :-120.0  
##  Mean   :2019-06-02 01:06:26   Mean   : 41.16   Mean   :-118.2  
##  3rd Qu.:2019-06-08 16:43:16   3rd Qu.: 58.09   3rd Qu.:-116.8  
##  Max.   :2019-06-17 05:31:45   Max.   : 85.39   Max.   : 180.0  
##                                                                 
##      depth             mag            magType          nst        
##  Min.   : -3.56   Min.   :-1.250   ml     :7244   Min.   :  2.00  
##  1st Qu.:  2.77   1st Qu.: 0.750   md     :2704   1st Qu.:  9.00  
##  Median :  5.95   Median : 1.150   mb     : 541   Median : 15.00  
##  Mean   : 18.33   Mean   : 1.391   mww    :  66   Mean   : 20.88  
##  3rd Qu.: 13.40   3rd Qu.: 1.720   mwr    :  27   3rd Qu.: 27.00  
##  Max.   :647.21   Max.   : 8.000   mb_lg  :  19   Max.   :191.00  
##                   NA's   :5        (Other):  21   NA's   :3504    
##       gap             dmin              rms              net      
##  Min.   : 11.0   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   ak     :2751  
##  1st Qu.: 66.0   1st Qu.: 0.0223   1st Qu.:0.0900   ci     :2482  
##  Median : 96.0   Median : 0.0487   Median :0.1800   nc     :2096  
##  Mean   :117.2   Mean   : 0.4149   Mean   :0.3139   nn     : 871  
##  3rd Qu.:150.0   3rd Qu.: 0.1502   3rd Qu.:0.5000   us     : 753  
##  Max.   :360.0   Max.   :39.2640   Max.   :6.6100   pr     : 352  
##  NA's   :2754    NA's   :2972      NA's   :1        (Other):1317  
##     updated                                           place     
##  Min.   :2019-05-18 07:43:52   4km NNW of Glen Avon, CA  : 431  
##  1st Qu.:2019-05-31 04:48:55   5km NNW of Glen Avon, CA  : 318  
##  Median :2019-06-06 01:22:33   7km NW of The Geysers, CA : 185  
##  Mean   :2019-06-05 12:54:33   4km NW of Glen Avon, CA   : 152  
##  3rd Qu.:2019-06-11 23:45:32   7km WNW of The Geysers, CA: 120  
##  Max.   :2019-06-17 05:38:03   6km WNW of The Geysers, CA: 111  
##                                (Other)                   :9305  
##            type       horizontalError    depthError         magError    
##  earthquake  :10378   Min.   : 0.080   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0.000  
##  explosion   :   68   1st Qu.: 0.230   1st Qu.:  0.370   1st Qu.:0.106  
##  ice quake   :   45   Median : 0.350   Median :  0.630   Median :0.157  
##  other event :   33   Mean   : 1.445   Mean   :  2.588   Mean   :0.180  
##  quarry blast:   98   3rd Qu.: 0.790   3rd Qu.:  1.570   3rd Qu.:0.224  
##                       Max.   :92.100   Max.   :679.500   Max.   :3.980  
##                       NA's   :3781     NA's   :2         NA's   :3402   
##      magNst             status     locationSource   magSource   
##  Min.   :  0.00   automatic:2506   ak     :2753   ak     :2762  
##  1st Qu.:  4.00   reviewed :8116   ci     :2482   ci     :2482  
##  Median :  8.00                    nc     :2096   nc     :2096  
##  Mean   : 15.85                    nn     : 871   nn     : 871  
##  3rd Qu.: 18.00                    us     : 750   us     : 734  
##  Max.   :523.00                    pr     : 352   pr     : 352  
##  NA's   :2841                      (Other):1318   (Other):1325
str(X)
## 'data.frame':    10622 obs. of  21 variables:
##  $ time           : POSIXct, format: "2019-06-17 05:31:45" "2019-06-17 05:31:01" ...
##  $ latitude       : num  36.7 37.6 66.4 34 34.9 ...
##  $ longitude      : num  -121 -119 -157 -118 -118 ...
##  $ depth          : num  2.82 5.12 0.2 2.7 5.64 2.07 13.6 5.33 22.4 0.49 ...
##  $ mag            : num  1.34 1.08 1.2 1.14 1.67 0.96 1.4 0.95 1.3 1.87 ...
##  $ magType        : Factor w/ 10 levels "","mb","mb_lg",..: 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 4 ...
##  $ nst            : int  8 10 NA 41 5 19 NA 20 NA 47 ...
##  $ gap            : num  200 96 NA 28 145 81 NA 110 NA 58 ...
##  $ dmin           : num  0.0423 0.0155 NA 0.0447 0.4196 ...
##  $ rms            : num  0.13 0.02 1.36 0.21 0.23 0.04 0.79 0.29 0.93 0.36 ...
##  $ net            : Factor w/ 17 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 8 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 1 4 ...
##  $ updated        : POSIXct, format: "2019-06-17 05:33:22" "2019-06-17 05:38:03" ...
##  $ place          : Factor w/ 5596 levels "0km ESE of Manhattan, Montana",..: 810 5411 4182 3455 5166 4497 4734 960 4763 444 ...
##  $ type           : Factor w/ 5 levels "earthquake","explosion",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ horizontalError: num  1.17 0.7 NA 0.26 2.09 0.26 NA 0.6 NA 0.44 ...
##  $ depthError     : num  2.88 0.65 0.9 0.35 15.64 ...
##  $ magError       : num  0.45 0.22 NA 0.156 0.438 0.1 NA 0.176 NA 0.1 ...
##  $ magNst         : int  6 10 NA 28 14 4 NA 18 NA 18 ...
##  $ status         : Factor w/ 2 levels "automatic","reviewed": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ locationSource : Factor w/ 17 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 8 8 1 3 3 8 1 3 1 4 ...
##  $ magSource      : Factor w/ 20 levels "ak","av","ci",..: 9 9 1 3 3 9 1 3 1 5 ...

Ábrázoljuk a földrengéseket a koordinátáik alapján:

library(ggplot2)
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'ggplot2':
##   method         from 
##   [.quosures     rlang
##   c.quosures     rlang
##   print.quosures rlang
qplot(longitude, latitude, data = X, color = type)

qplot(longitude, latitude, data = X, color = mag)

Az ábrázolásnál jelenítsünk meg térképet is:

library(ggspatial)
ggplot(X, aes(longitude, latitude, color = mag)) + annotation_map_tile(type = "osm") + geom_spatial_point()
## Assuming crs = 4326 in stat_spatial_identity()
## Zoom: 1

ggplot(X, aes(longitude, latitude, color = mag)) + annotation_map_tile(type = "osm") + geom_spatial_point() + scale_color_gradient(low = "yellow", high = "red")
## Assuming crs = 4326 in stat_spatial_identity()
## Zoom: 1

1.2 Demográfiai adatok

Az adatok forrása: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL

Az adatokat CSV formátumban tartalmazó ZIP állomány letöltése:

tmp <- tempfile(fileext = ".zip")
tmp
## [1] "/tmp/RtmpLKNfbu/file900bab4c49.zip"
download.file("http://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?downloadformat=csv", tmp)

A CSV állomány beolvasása a ZIP állományból:

X <- read.csv(unz(tmp, "API_SP.POP.TOTL_DS2_en_csv_v2_10576638.csv"), skip = 4)

Viszgáljuk meg az oszlopok neveit:

names(X)
##  [1] "Country.Name"   "Country.Code"   "Indicator.Name" "Indicator.Code"
##  [5] "X1960"          "X1961"          "X1962"          "X1963"         
##  [9] "X1964"          "X1965"          "X1966"          "X1967"         
## [13] "X1968"          "X1969"          "X1970"          "X1971"         
## [17] "X1972"          "X1973"          "X1974"          "X1975"         
## [21] "X1976"          "X1977"          "X1978"          "X1979"         
## [25] "X1980"          "X1981"          "X1982"          "X1983"         
## [29] "X1984"          "X1985"          "X1986"          "X1987"         
## [33] "X1988"          "X1989"          "X1990"          "X1991"         
## [37] "X1992"          "X1993"          "X1994"          "X1995"         
## [41] "X1996"          "X1997"          "X1998"          "X1999"         
## [45] "X2000"          "X2001"          "X2002"          "X2003"         
## [49] "X2004"          "X2005"          "X2006"          "X2007"         
## [53] "X2008"          "X2009"          "X2010"          "X2011"         
## [57] "X2012"          "X2013"          "X2014"          "X2015"         
## [61] "X2016"          "X2017"          "X2018"          "X"

Az alábbi paraméterezéssel olvassuk be a CSV állományt a ZIP állományból, majd vizsgáljuk meg az oszlopok neveit:

X <- read.csv(unz(tmp, "API_SP.POP.TOTL_DS2_en_csv_v2_10576638.csv"), skip = 4, check.names = FALSE)
names(X)
##  [1] "Country Name"   "Country Code"   "Indicator Name" "Indicator Code"
##  [5] "1960"           "1961"           "1962"           "1963"          
##  [9] "1964"           "1965"           "1966"           "1967"          
## [13] "1968"           "1969"           "1970"           "1971"          
## [17] "1972"           "1973"           "1974"           "1975"          
## [21] "1976"           "1977"           "1978"           "1979"          
## [25] "1980"           "1981"           "1982"           "1983"          
## [29] "1984"           "1985"           "1986"           "1987"          
## [33] "1988"           "1989"           "1990"           "1991"          
## [37] "1992"           "1993"           "1994"           "1995"          
## [41] "1996"           "1997"           "1998"           "1999"          
## [45] "2000"           "2001"           "2002"           "2003"          
## [49] "2004"           "2005"           "2006"           "2007"          
## [53] "2008"           "2009"           "2010"           "2011"          
## [57] "2012"           "2013"           "2014"           "2015"          
## [61] "2016"           "2017"           "2018"           ""

Vizsgáljuk meg az adatokat:

summary(X)
##          Country Name  Country Code           Indicator Name
##  Afghanistan   :  1   ABW    :  1   Population, total:264   
##  Albania       :  1   AFG    :  1                           
##  Algeria       :  1   AGO    :  1                           
##  American Samoa:  1   ALB    :  1                           
##  Andorra       :  1   AND    :  1                           
##  Angola        :  1   ARB    :  1                           
##  (Other)       :258   (Other):258                           
##      Indicator Code      1960                1961          
##  SP.POP.TOTL:264    Min.   :4.279e+03   Min.   :4.453e+03  
##                     1st Qu.:5.184e+05   1st Qu.:5.301e+05  
##                     Median :3.670e+06   Median :3.734e+06  
##                     Mean   :1.178e+08   Mean   :1.194e+08  
##                     3rd Qu.:2.533e+07   3rd Qu.:2.612e+07  
##                     Max.   :3.032e+09   Max.   :3.073e+09  
##                     NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1962                1963                1964          
##  Min.   :4.566e+03   Min.   :4.656e+03   Min.   :4.748e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.427e+05   1st Qu.:5.560e+05   1st Qu.:5.684e+05  
##  Median :3.840e+06   Median :3.955e+06   Median :4.074e+06  
##  Mean   :1.215e+08   Mean   :1.241e+08   Mean   :1.268e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.691e+07   3rd Qu.:2.770e+07   3rd Qu.:2.848e+07  
##  Max.   :3.127e+09   Max.   :3.192e+09   Max.   :3.257e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1965                1966                1967          
##  Min.   :4.841e+03   Min.   :4.936e+03   Min.   :5.033e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.728e+05   1st Qu.:5.786e+05   1st Qu.:5.882e+05  
##  Median :4.171e+06   Median :4.234e+06   Median :4.300e+06  
##  Mean   :1.295e+08   Mean   :1.324e+08   Mean   :1.353e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.925e+07   3rd Qu.:3.000e+07   3rd Qu.:3.060e+07  
##  Max.   :3.325e+09   Max.   :3.395e+09   Max.   :3.464e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1968                1969                1970          
##  Min.   :5.161e+03   Min.   :5.303e+03   Min.   :5.450e+03  
##  1st Qu.:6.258e+05   1st Qu.:6.568e+05   1st Qu.:6.751e+05  
##  Median :4.368e+06   Median :4.449e+06   Median :4.524e+06  
##  Mean   :1.382e+08   Mean   :1.412e+08   Mean   :1.443e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.120e+07   3rd Qu.:3.180e+07   3rd Qu.:3.235e+07  
##  Max.   :3.535e+09   Max.   :3.610e+09   Max.   :3.686e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1971                1972                1973          
##  Min.   :5.601e+03   Min.   :5.756e+03   Min.   :5.915e+03  
##  1st Qu.:6.905e+05   1st Qu.:7.011e+05   1st Qu.:7.110e+05  
##  Median :4.622e+06   Median :4.729e+06   Median :4.844e+06  
##  Mean   :1.475e+08   Mean   :1.506e+08   Mean   :1.538e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.281e+07   3rd Qu.:3.317e+07   3rd Qu.:3.354e+07  
##  Max.   :3.763e+09   Max.   :3.840e+09   Max.   :3.916e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1974                1975                1976          
##  Min.   :6.078e+03   Min.   :6.291e+03   Min.   :6.530e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.194e+05   1st Qu.:7.256e+05   1st Qu.:7.315e+05  
##  Median :4.961e+06   Median :5.035e+06   Median :5.129e+06  
##  Mean   :1.569e+08   Mean   :1.600e+08   Mean   :1.630e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.393e+07   3rd Qu.:3.433e+07   3rd Qu.:3.473e+07  
##  Max.   :3.993e+09   Max.   :4.068e+09   Max.   :4.141e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1977                1978                1979          
##  Min.   :6.778e+03   Min.   :7.035e+03   Min.   :7.264e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.588e+05   1st Qu.:7.839e+05   1st Qu.:7.884e+05  
##  Median :5.276e+06   Median :5.397e+06   Median :5.518e+06  
##  Mean   :1.660e+08   Mean   :1.691e+08   Mean   :1.722e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.521e+07   3rd Qu.:3.620e+07   3rd Qu.:3.721e+07  
##  Max.   :4.213e+09   Max.   :4.287e+09   Max.   :4.363e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1980                1981                1982          
##  Min.   :7.488e+03   Min.   :7.592e+03   Min.   :7.717e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.957e+05   1st Qu.:8.063e+05   1st Qu.:8.198e+05  
##  Median :5.641e+06   Median :5.785e+06   Median :5.938e+06  
##  Mean   :1.754e+08   Mean   :1.786e+08   Mean   :1.820e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.765e+07   3rd Qu.:3.800e+07   3rd Qu.:3.832e+07  
##  Max.   :4.439e+09   Max.   :4.518e+09   Max.   :4.599e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1983                1984                1985          
##  Min.   :7.854e+03   Min.   :8.005e+03   Min.   :8.173e+03  
##  1st Qu.:8.373e+05   1st Qu.:8.597e+05   1st Qu.:8.822e+05  
##  Median :6.099e+06   Median :6.265e+06   Median :6.427e+06  
##  Mean   :1.854e+08   Mean   :1.889e+08   Mean   :1.923e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.869e+07   3rd Qu.:3.974e+07   3rd Qu.:4.080e+07  
##  Max.   :4.681e+09   Max.   :4.763e+09   Max.   :4.846e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1986                1987                1988          
##  Min.   :8.353e+03   Min.   :8.554e+03   Min.   :8.755e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.045e+05   1st Qu.:9.269e+05   1st Qu.:9.497e+05  
##  Median :6.516e+06   Median :6.701e+06   Median :6.858e+06  
##  Mean   :1.959e+08   Mean   :1.996e+08   Mean   :2.033e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.144e+07   3rd Qu.:4.209e+07   3rd Qu.:4.276e+07  
##  Max.   :4.932e+09   Max.   :5.020e+09   Max.   :5.109e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1989                1990                1991          
##  Min.   :8.947e+03   Min.   :9.003e+03   Min.   :9.053e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.730e+05   1st Qu.:1.024e+06   1st Qu.:1.045e+06  
##  Median :7.000e+06   Median :7.129e+06   Median :7.148e+06  
##  Mean   :2.071e+08   Mean   :2.092e+08   Mean   :2.129e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.345e+07   3rd Qu.:4.231e+07   3rd Qu.:4.277e+07  
##  Max.   :5.198e+09   Max.   :5.288e+09   Max.   :5.376e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       1992                1993                1994          
##  Min.   :9.109e+03   Min.   :9.156e+03   Min.   :9.190e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.063e+06   1st Qu.:1.089e+06   1st Qu.:1.113e+06  
##  Median :7.382e+06   Median :7.495e+06   Median :7.584e+06  
##  Mean   :2.172e+08   Mean   :2.208e+08   Mean   :2.243e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.375e+07   3rd Qu.:4.419e+07   3rd Qu.:4.464e+07  
##  Max.   :5.460e+09   Max.   :5.545e+09   Max.   :5.629e+09  
##  NA's   :3           NA's   :3           NA's   :3          
##       1995                1996                1997          
##  Min.   :9.230e+03   Min.   :9.256e+03   Min.   :9.277e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.126e+06   1st Qu.:1.140e+06   1st Qu.:1.156e+06  
##  Median :7.655e+06   Median :7.740e+06   Median :7.855e+06  
##  Mean   :2.269e+08   Mean   :2.304e+08   Mean   :2.339e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.463e+07   3rd Qu.:4.509e+07   3rd Qu.:4.556e+07  
##  Max.   :5.714e+09   Max.   :5.797e+09   Max.   :5.879e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       1998                1999                2000          
##  Min.   :9.306e+03   Min.   :9.345e+03   Min.   :9.420e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.166e+06   1st Qu.:1.198e+06   1st Qu.:1.231e+06  
##  Median :7.913e+06   Median :7.992e+06   Median :8.049e+06  
##  Mean   :2.364e+08   Mean   :2.397e+08   Mean   :2.431e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.562e+07   3rd Qu.:4.626e+07   3rd Qu.:4.704e+07  
##  Max.   :5.961e+09   Max.   :6.041e+09   Max.   :6.121e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2001                2002                2003          
##  Min.   :9.512e+03   Min.   :9.635e+03   Min.   :9.767e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.265e+06   1st Qu.:1.286e+06   1st Qu.:1.303e+06  
##  Median :8.111e+06   Median :8.172e+06   Median :8.234e+06  
##  Mean   :2.464e+08   Mean   :2.497e+08   Mean   :2.530e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.788e+07   3rd Qu.:4.792e+07   3rd Qu.:4.785e+07  
##  Max.   :6.201e+09   Max.   :6.280e+09   Max.   :6.359e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2004                2005                2006          
##  Min.   :9.894e+03   Min.   :1.003e+04   Min.   :1.007e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.320e+06   1st Qu.:1.326e+06   1st Qu.:1.325e+06  
##  Median :8.306e+06   Median :8.392e+06   Median :8.485e+06  
##  Mean   :2.564e+08   Mean   :2.598e+08   Mean   :2.632e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.816e+07   3rd Qu.:4.865e+07   3rd Qu.:4.911e+07  
##  Max.   :6.439e+09   Max.   :6.520e+09   Max.   :6.601e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2007                2008                2009          
##  Min.   :1.000e+04   Min.   :9.947e+03   Min.   :9.945e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.325e+06   1st Qu.:1.363e+06   1st Qu.:1.426e+06  
##  Median :8.857e+06   Median :9.220e+06   Median :9.299e+06  
##  Mean   :2.666e+08   Mean   :2.701e+08   Mean   :2.736e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.953e+07   3rd Qu.:4.995e+07   3rd Qu.:5.039e+07  
##  Max.   :6.683e+09   Max.   :6.766e+09   Max.   :6.849e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2010                2011                2012          
##  Min.   :1.002e+04   Min.   :1.006e+04   Min.   :1.028e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.444e+06   1st Qu.:1.465e+06   1st Qu.:1.416e+06  
##  Median :9.378e+06   Median :9.461e+06   Median :9.624e+06  
##  Mean   :2.771e+08   Mean   :2.807e+08   Mean   :2.853e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.087e+07   3rd Qu.:5.141e+07   3rd Qu.:5.250e+07  
##  Max.   :6.933e+09   Max.   :7.015e+09   Max.   :7.099e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :2          
##       2013                2014                2015          
##  Min.   :1.082e+04   Min.   :1.091e+04   Min.   :1.100e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.432e+06   1st Qu.:1.447e+06   1st Qu.:1.472e+06  
##  Median :9.747e+06   Median :9.879e+06   Median :1.002e+07  
##  Mean   :2.890e+08   Mean   :2.927e+08   Mean   :2.964e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.319e+07   3rd Qu.:5.396e+07   3rd Qu.:5.494e+07  
##  Max.   :7.185e+09   Max.   :7.271e+09   Max.   :7.357e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       2016                2017             2018                       
##  Min.   :1.110e+04   Min.   :1.119e+04   Mode:logical   Mode:logical  
##  1st Qu.:1.523e+06   1st Qu.:1.577e+06   NA's:264       NA's:264      
##  Median :1.012e+07   Median :1.018e+07                                
##  Mean   :3.002e+08   Mean   :3.039e+08                                
##  3rd Qu.:5.590e+07   3rd Qu.:5.716e+07                                
##  Max.   :7.444e+09   Max.   :7.530e+09                                
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2
head(X)
##   Country Name Country Code    Indicator Name Indicator Code     1960
## 1        Aruba          ABW Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL    54211
## 2  Afghanistan          AFG Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL  8996351
## 3       Angola          AGO Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL  5643182
## 4      Albania          ALB Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL  1608800
## 5      Andorra          AND Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL    13411
## 6   Arab World          ARB Population, total    SP.POP.TOTL 92490932
##       1961     1962      1963      1964      1965      1966      1967
## 1    55438    56225     56695     57032     57360     57715     58055
## 2  9166764  9345868   9533954   9731361   9938414  10152331  10372630
## 3  5753024  5866061   5980417   6093321   6203299   6309770   6414995
## 4  1659800  1711319   1762621   1814135   1864791   1914573   1965598
## 5    14375    15370     16412     17469     18549     19647     20758
## 6 95044497 97682294 100411076 103239902 106174988 109230593 112406932
##        1968      1969      1970      1971      1972      1973      1974
## 1     58386     58726     59063     59440     59840     60243     60528
## 2  10604346  10854428  11126123  11417825  11721940  12027822  12321541
## 3   6523791   6642632   6776381   6927269   7094834   7277960   7474338
## 4   2022272   2081695   2135479   2187853   2243126   2296752   2350124
## 5     21890     23058     24276     25559     26892     28232     29520
## 6 115680165 119016542 122398374 125807419 129269375 132863416 136696761
##        1975      1976      1977      1978      1979      1980      1981
## 1     60657     60586     60366     60103     59980     60096     60567
## 2  12590286  12840299  13067538  13237734  13306695  13248370  13053954
## 3   7682479   7900997   8130988   8376147   8641521   8929900   9244507
## 4   2404831   2458526   2513546   2566266   2617832   2671997   2726056
## 5     30705     31777     32771     33737     34818     36067     37500
## 6 140843298 145332378 150133054 155183724 160392488 165689490 171051950
##        1982      1983      1984      1985      1986      1987      1988
## 1     61345     62201     62836     63026     62644     61833     61079
## 2  12749645  12389269  12047115  11783050  11601041  11502761  11540888
## 3   9582156   9931562  10277321  10609042  10921037  11218268  11513968
## 4   2784278   2843960   2904429   2964762   3022635   3083605   3142336
## 5     39114     40867     42706     44600     46517     48455     50434
## 6 176490084 182005827 187610756 193310301 199093767 204942549 210844771
##        1989      1990      1991      1992      1993      1994      1995
## 1     61032     62149     64622     68235     72504     76700     80324
## 2  11777609  12249114  12993657  13981231  15095099  16172719  17099541
## 3  11827237  12171441  12553446  12968345  13403734  13841301  14268994
## 4   3227943   3286542   3266790   3247039   3227287   3207536   3187784
## 5     52448     54509     56671     58888     60971     62677     63850
## 6 216787402 224735446 230829868 235037179 241286091 247435930 255029671
##        1996      1997      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002
## 1     83200     85451     87277     89005     90853     92898     94992
## 2  17822884  18381605  18863999  19403676  20093756  20966463  21979923
## 3  14682284  15088981  15504318  15949766  16440924  16983266  17572649
## 4   3168033   3148281   3128530   3108778   3089027   3060173   3051010
## 5     64360     64327     64142     64370     65390     67341     70049
## 6 260843462 266575075 272235146 277962869 283832016 289850357 296026575
##        2003      2004      2005      2006      2007      2008      2009
## 1     97017     98737    100031    100832    101220    101353    101453
## 2  23064851  24118979  25070798  25893450  26616792  27294031  28004331
## 3  18203369  18865716  19552542  20262399  20997687  21759420  22549547
## 4   3039616   3026939   3011487   2992547   2970017   2947314   2927519
## 5     73182     76244     78867     80991     82683     83861     84462
## 6 302434519 309162029 316264728 323773264 331653797 339825483 348145094
##        2010      2011      2012      2013      2014      2015      2016
## 1    101669    102053    102577    103187    103795    104341    104822
## 2  28803167  29708599  30696958  31731688  32758020  33736494  34656032
## 3  23369131  24218565  25096150  25998340  26920466  27859305  28813463
## 4   2913021   2905195   2900401   2895092   2889104   2880703   2876101
## 5     84449     83751     82431     80788     79223     78014     77281
## 6 356508908 364895878 373306993 381702086 390043028 398304960 406452690
##        2017 2018   
## 1    105264   NA NA
## 2  35530081   NA NA
## 3  29784193   NA NA
## 4   2873457   NA NA
## 5     76965   NA NA
## 6 414491886   NA NA

Szabaduljunk meg a harmadik, a negyedik és az utolsó két oszloptól:

X[c(3, 4, 63, 64)] <- NULL
summary(X)
##          Country Name  Country Code      1960          
##  Afghanistan   :  1   ABW    :  1   Min.   :4.279e+03  
##  Albania       :  1   AFG    :  1   1st Qu.:5.184e+05  
##  Algeria       :  1   AGO    :  1   Median :3.670e+06  
##  American Samoa:  1   ALB    :  1   Mean   :1.178e+08  
##  Andorra       :  1   AND    :  1   3rd Qu.:2.533e+07  
##  Angola        :  1   ARB    :  1   Max.   :3.032e+09  
##  (Other)       :258   (Other):258   NA's   :4          
##       1961                1962                1963          
##  Min.   :4.453e+03   Min.   :4.566e+03   Min.   :4.656e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.301e+05   1st Qu.:5.427e+05   1st Qu.:5.560e+05  
##  Median :3.734e+06   Median :3.840e+06   Median :3.955e+06  
##  Mean   :1.194e+08   Mean   :1.215e+08   Mean   :1.241e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.612e+07   3rd Qu.:2.691e+07   3rd Qu.:2.770e+07  
##  Max.   :3.073e+09   Max.   :3.127e+09   Max.   :3.192e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1964                1965                1966          
##  Min.   :4.748e+03   Min.   :4.841e+03   Min.   :4.936e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.684e+05   1st Qu.:5.728e+05   1st Qu.:5.786e+05  
##  Median :4.074e+06   Median :4.171e+06   Median :4.234e+06  
##  Mean   :1.268e+08   Mean   :1.295e+08   Mean   :1.324e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.848e+07   3rd Qu.:2.925e+07   3rd Qu.:3.000e+07  
##  Max.   :3.257e+09   Max.   :3.325e+09   Max.   :3.395e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1967                1968                1969          
##  Min.   :5.033e+03   Min.   :5.161e+03   Min.   :5.303e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.882e+05   1st Qu.:6.258e+05   1st Qu.:6.568e+05  
##  Median :4.300e+06   Median :4.368e+06   Median :4.449e+06  
##  Mean   :1.353e+08   Mean   :1.382e+08   Mean   :1.412e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.060e+07   3rd Qu.:3.120e+07   3rd Qu.:3.180e+07  
##  Max.   :3.464e+09   Max.   :3.535e+09   Max.   :3.610e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1970                1971                1972          
##  Min.   :5.450e+03   Min.   :5.601e+03   Min.   :5.756e+03  
##  1st Qu.:6.751e+05   1st Qu.:6.905e+05   1st Qu.:7.011e+05  
##  Median :4.524e+06   Median :4.622e+06   Median :4.729e+06  
##  Mean   :1.443e+08   Mean   :1.475e+08   Mean   :1.506e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.235e+07   3rd Qu.:3.281e+07   3rd Qu.:3.317e+07  
##  Max.   :3.686e+09   Max.   :3.763e+09   Max.   :3.840e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1973                1974                1975          
##  Min.   :5.915e+03   Min.   :6.078e+03   Min.   :6.291e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.110e+05   1st Qu.:7.194e+05   1st Qu.:7.256e+05  
##  Median :4.844e+06   Median :4.961e+06   Median :5.035e+06  
##  Mean   :1.538e+08   Mean   :1.569e+08   Mean   :1.600e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.354e+07   3rd Qu.:3.393e+07   3rd Qu.:3.433e+07  
##  Max.   :3.916e+09   Max.   :3.993e+09   Max.   :4.068e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1976                1977                1978          
##  Min.   :6.530e+03   Min.   :6.778e+03   Min.   :7.035e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.315e+05   1st Qu.:7.588e+05   1st Qu.:7.839e+05  
##  Median :5.129e+06   Median :5.276e+06   Median :5.397e+06  
##  Mean   :1.630e+08   Mean   :1.660e+08   Mean   :1.691e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.473e+07   3rd Qu.:3.521e+07   3rd Qu.:3.620e+07  
##  Max.   :4.141e+09   Max.   :4.213e+09   Max.   :4.287e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1979                1980                1981          
##  Min.   :7.264e+03   Min.   :7.488e+03   Min.   :7.592e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.884e+05   1st Qu.:7.957e+05   1st Qu.:8.063e+05  
##  Median :5.518e+06   Median :5.641e+06   Median :5.785e+06  
##  Mean   :1.722e+08   Mean   :1.754e+08   Mean   :1.786e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.721e+07   3rd Qu.:3.765e+07   3rd Qu.:3.800e+07  
##  Max.   :4.363e+09   Max.   :4.439e+09   Max.   :4.518e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1982                1983                1984          
##  Min.   :7.717e+03   Min.   :7.854e+03   Min.   :8.005e+03  
##  1st Qu.:8.198e+05   1st Qu.:8.373e+05   1st Qu.:8.597e+05  
##  Median :5.938e+06   Median :6.099e+06   Median :6.265e+06  
##  Mean   :1.820e+08   Mean   :1.854e+08   Mean   :1.889e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.832e+07   3rd Qu.:3.869e+07   3rd Qu.:3.974e+07  
##  Max.   :4.599e+09   Max.   :4.681e+09   Max.   :4.763e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1985                1986                1987          
##  Min.   :8.173e+03   Min.   :8.353e+03   Min.   :8.554e+03  
##  1st Qu.:8.822e+05   1st Qu.:9.045e+05   1st Qu.:9.269e+05  
##  Median :6.427e+06   Median :6.516e+06   Median :6.701e+06  
##  Mean   :1.923e+08   Mean   :1.959e+08   Mean   :1.996e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.080e+07   3rd Qu.:4.144e+07   3rd Qu.:4.209e+07  
##  Max.   :4.846e+09   Max.   :4.932e+09   Max.   :5.020e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1988                1989                1990          
##  Min.   :8.755e+03   Min.   :8.947e+03   Min.   :9.003e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.497e+05   1st Qu.:9.730e+05   1st Qu.:1.024e+06  
##  Median :6.858e+06   Median :7.000e+06   Median :7.129e+06  
##  Mean   :2.033e+08   Mean   :2.071e+08   Mean   :2.092e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.276e+07   3rd Qu.:4.345e+07   3rd Qu.:4.231e+07  
##  Max.   :5.109e+09   Max.   :5.198e+09   Max.   :5.288e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :2          
##       1991                1992                1993          
##  Min.   :9.053e+03   Min.   :9.109e+03   Min.   :9.156e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.045e+06   1st Qu.:1.063e+06   1st Qu.:1.089e+06  
##  Median :7.148e+06   Median :7.382e+06   Median :7.495e+06  
##  Mean   :2.129e+08   Mean   :2.172e+08   Mean   :2.208e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.277e+07   3rd Qu.:4.375e+07   3rd Qu.:4.419e+07  
##  Max.   :5.376e+09   Max.   :5.460e+09   Max.   :5.545e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :3           NA's   :3          
##       1994                1995                1996          
##  Min.   :9.190e+03   Min.   :9.230e+03   Min.   :9.256e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.113e+06   1st Qu.:1.126e+06   1st Qu.:1.140e+06  
##  Median :7.584e+06   Median :7.655e+06   Median :7.740e+06  
##  Mean   :2.243e+08   Mean   :2.269e+08   Mean   :2.304e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.464e+07   3rd Qu.:4.463e+07   3rd Qu.:4.509e+07  
##  Max.   :5.629e+09   Max.   :5.714e+09   Max.   :5.797e+09  
##  NA's   :3           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       1997                1998                1999          
##  Min.   :9.277e+03   Min.   :9.306e+03   Min.   :9.345e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.156e+06   1st Qu.:1.166e+06   1st Qu.:1.198e+06  
##  Median :7.855e+06   Median :7.913e+06   Median :7.992e+06  
##  Mean   :2.339e+08   Mean   :2.364e+08   Mean   :2.397e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.556e+07   3rd Qu.:4.562e+07   3rd Qu.:4.626e+07  
##  Max.   :5.879e+09   Max.   :5.961e+09   Max.   :6.041e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2000                2001                2002          
##  Min.   :9.420e+03   Min.   :9.512e+03   Min.   :9.635e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.231e+06   1st Qu.:1.265e+06   1st Qu.:1.286e+06  
##  Median :8.049e+06   Median :8.111e+06   Median :8.172e+06  
##  Mean   :2.431e+08   Mean   :2.464e+08   Mean   :2.497e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.704e+07   3rd Qu.:4.788e+07   3rd Qu.:4.792e+07  
##  Max.   :6.121e+09   Max.   :6.201e+09   Max.   :6.280e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2003                2004                2005          
##  Min.   :9.767e+03   Min.   :9.894e+03   Min.   :1.003e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.303e+06   1st Qu.:1.320e+06   1st Qu.:1.326e+06  
##  Median :8.234e+06   Median :8.306e+06   Median :8.392e+06  
##  Mean   :2.530e+08   Mean   :2.564e+08   Mean   :2.598e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.785e+07   3rd Qu.:4.816e+07   3rd Qu.:4.865e+07  
##  Max.   :6.359e+09   Max.   :6.439e+09   Max.   :6.520e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2006                2007                2008          
##  Min.   :1.007e+04   Min.   :1.000e+04   Min.   :9.947e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.325e+06   1st Qu.:1.325e+06   1st Qu.:1.363e+06  
##  Median :8.485e+06   Median :8.857e+06   Median :9.220e+06  
##  Mean   :2.632e+08   Mean   :2.666e+08   Mean   :2.701e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.911e+07   3rd Qu.:4.953e+07   3rd Qu.:4.995e+07  
##  Max.   :6.601e+09   Max.   :6.683e+09   Max.   :6.766e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2009                2010                2011          
##  Min.   :9.945e+03   Min.   :1.002e+04   Min.   :1.006e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.426e+06   1st Qu.:1.444e+06   1st Qu.:1.465e+06  
##  Median :9.299e+06   Median :9.378e+06   Median :9.461e+06  
##  Mean   :2.736e+08   Mean   :2.771e+08   Mean   :2.807e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.039e+07   3rd Qu.:5.087e+07   3rd Qu.:5.141e+07  
##  Max.   :6.849e+09   Max.   :6.933e+09   Max.   :7.015e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2012                2013                2014          
##  Min.   :1.028e+04   Min.   :1.082e+04   Min.   :1.091e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.416e+06   1st Qu.:1.432e+06   1st Qu.:1.447e+06  
##  Median :9.624e+06   Median :9.747e+06   Median :9.879e+06  
##  Mean   :2.853e+08   Mean   :2.890e+08   Mean   :2.927e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.250e+07   3rd Qu.:5.319e+07   3rd Qu.:5.396e+07  
##  Max.   :7.099e+09   Max.   :7.185e+09   Max.   :7.271e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       2015                2016                2017          
##  Min.   :1.100e+04   Min.   :1.110e+04   Min.   :1.119e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.472e+06   1st Qu.:1.523e+06   1st Qu.:1.577e+06  
##  Median :1.002e+07   Median :1.012e+07   Median :1.018e+07  
##  Mean   :2.964e+08   Mean   :3.002e+08   Mean   :3.039e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.494e+07   3rd Qu.:5.590e+07   3rd Qu.:5.716e+07  
##  Max.   :7.357e+09   Max.   :7.444e+09   Max.   :7.530e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2
head(X)
##   Country Name Country Code     1960     1961     1962      1963      1964
## 1        Aruba          ABW    54211    55438    56225     56695     57032
## 2  Afghanistan          AFG  8996351  9166764  9345868   9533954   9731361
## 3       Angola          AGO  5643182  5753024  5866061   5980417   6093321
## 4      Albania          ALB  1608800  1659800  1711319   1762621   1814135
## 5      Andorra          AND    13411    14375    15370     16412     17469
## 6   Arab World          ARB 92490932 95044497 97682294 100411076 103239902
##        1965      1966      1967      1968      1969      1970      1971
## 1     57360     57715     58055     58386     58726     59063     59440
## 2   9938414  10152331  10372630  10604346  10854428  11126123  11417825
## 3   6203299   6309770   6414995   6523791   6642632   6776381   6927269
## 4   1864791   1914573   1965598   2022272   2081695   2135479   2187853
## 5     18549     19647     20758     21890     23058     24276     25559
## 6 106174988 109230593 112406932 115680165 119016542 122398374 125807419
##        1972      1973      1974      1975      1976      1977      1978
## 1     59840     60243     60528     60657     60586     60366     60103
## 2  11721940  12027822  12321541  12590286  12840299  13067538  13237734
## 3   7094834   7277960   7474338   7682479   7900997   8130988   8376147
## 4   2243126   2296752   2350124   2404831   2458526   2513546   2566266
## 5     26892     28232     29520     30705     31777     32771     33737
## 6 129269375 132863416 136696761 140843298 145332378 150133054 155183724
##        1979      1980      1981      1982      1983      1984      1985
## 1     59980     60096     60567     61345     62201     62836     63026
## 2  13306695  13248370  13053954  12749645  12389269  12047115  11783050
## 3   8641521   8929900   9244507   9582156   9931562  10277321  10609042
## 4   2617832   2671997   2726056   2784278   2843960   2904429   2964762
## 5     34818     36067     37500     39114     40867     42706     44600
## 6 160392488 165689490 171051950 176490084 182005827 187610756 193310301
##        1986      1987      1988      1989      1990      1991      1992
## 1     62644     61833     61079     61032     62149     64622     68235
## 2  11601041  11502761  11540888  11777609  12249114  12993657  13981231
## 3  10921037  11218268  11513968  11827237  12171441  12553446  12968345
## 4   3022635   3083605   3142336   3227943   3286542   3266790   3247039
## 5     46517     48455     50434     52448     54509     56671     58888
## 6 199093767 204942549 210844771 216787402 224735446 230829868 235037179
##        1993      1994      1995      1996      1997      1998      1999
## 1     72504     76700     80324     83200     85451     87277     89005
## 2  15095099  16172719  17099541  17822884  18381605  18863999  19403676
## 3  13403734  13841301  14268994  14682284  15088981  15504318  15949766
## 4   3227287   3207536   3187784   3168033   3148281   3128530   3108778
## 5     60971     62677     63850     64360     64327     64142     64370
## 6 241286091 247435930 255029671 260843462 266575075 272235146 277962869
##        2000      2001      2002      2003      2004      2005      2006
## 1     90853     92898     94992     97017     98737    100031    100832
## 2  20093756  20966463  21979923  23064851  24118979  25070798  25893450
## 3  16440924  16983266  17572649  18203369  18865716  19552542  20262399
## 4   3089027   3060173   3051010   3039616   3026939   3011487   2992547
## 5     65390     67341     70049     73182     76244     78867     80991
## 6 283832016 289850357 296026575 302434519 309162029 316264728 323773264
##        2007      2008      2009      2010      2011      2012      2013
## 1    101220    101353    101453    101669    102053    102577    103187
## 2  26616792  27294031  28004331  28803167  29708599  30696958  31731688
## 3  20997687  21759420  22549547  23369131  24218565  25096150  25998340
## 4   2970017   2947314   2927519   2913021   2905195   2900401   2895092
## 5     82683     83861     84462     84449     83751     82431     80788
## 6 331653797 339825483 348145094 356508908 364895878 373306993 381702086
##        2014      2015      2016      2017
## 1    103795    104341    104822    105264
## 2  32758020  33736494  34656032  35530081
## 3  26920466  27859305  28813463  29784193
## 4   2889104   2880703   2876101   2873457
## 5     79223     78014     77281     76965
## 6 390043028 398304960 406452690 414491886

Alakítsuk át az adatokat és vizsgáljuk meg az eredményt:

library(reshape2)
Y <- melt(X)
## Using Country Name, Country Code as id variables
summary(Y)
##          Country Name    Country Code      variable    
##  Afghanistan   :   58   ABW    :   58   1960   :  264  
##  Albania       :   58   AFG    :   58   1961   :  264  
##  Algeria       :   58   AGO    :   58   1962   :  264  
##  American Samoa:   58   ALB    :   58   1963   :  264  
##  Andorra       :   58   AND    :   58   1964   :  264  
##  Angola        :   58   ARB    :   58   1965   :  264  
##  (Other)       :14964   (Other):14964   (Other):13728  
##      value          
##  Min.   :4.279e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.251e+05  
##  Median :6.345e+06  
##  Mean   :2.060e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.220e+07  
##  Max.   :7.530e+09  
##  NA's   :165
head(Y)
##   Country Name Country Code variable    value
## 1        Aruba          ABW     1960    54211
## 2  Afghanistan          AFG     1960  8996351
## 3       Angola          AGO     1960  5643182
## 4      Albania          ALB     1960  1608800
## 5      Andorra          AND     1960    13411
## 6   Arab World          ARB     1960 92490932

Az alábbi módon paraméterezzük a melt függvényt, hogy a megfelelő oszlopneveket kapjuk:

Y <- melt(X, variable.name = "Year", value.name = "Population")
## Using Country Name, Country Code as id variables
summary(Y)
##          Country Name    Country Code        Year      
##  Afghanistan   :   58   ABW    :   58   1960   :  264  
##  Albania       :   58   AFG    :   58   1961   :  264  
##  Algeria       :   58   AGO    :   58   1962   :  264  
##  American Samoa:   58   ALB    :   58   1963   :  264  
##  Andorra       :   58   AND    :   58   1964   :  264  
##  Angola        :   58   ARB    :   58   1965   :  264  
##  (Other)       :14964   (Other):14964   (Other):13728  
##    Population       
##  Min.   :4.279e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.251e+05  
##  Median :6.345e+06  
##  Mean   :2.060e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.220e+07  
##  Max.   :7.530e+09  
##  NA's   :165
head(Y)
##   Country Name Country Code Year Population
## 1        Aruba          ABW 1960      54211
## 2  Afghanistan          AFG 1960    8996351
## 3       Angola          AGO 1960    5643182
## 4      Albania          ALB 1960    1608800
## 5      Andorra          AND 1960      13411
## 6   Arab World          ARB 1960   92490932

A nominális Year oszlopot alakítsuk numerikussá:

Y$Year <- as.numeric(as.character(Y$Year))
summary(Y)
##          Country Name    Country Code        Year        Population       
##  Afghanistan   :   58   ABW    :   58   Min.   :1960   Min.   :4.279e+03  
##  Albania       :   58   AFG    :   58   1st Qu.:1974   1st Qu.:9.251e+05  
##  Algeria       :   58   AGO    :   58   Median :1988   Median :6.345e+06  
##  American Samoa:   58   ALB    :   58   Mean   :1988   Mean   :2.060e+08  
##  Andorra       :   58   AND    :   58   3rd Qu.:2003   3rd Qu.:4.220e+07  
##  Angola        :   58   ARB    :   58   Max.   :2017   Max.   :7.530e+09  
##  (Other)       :14964   (Other):14964                  NA's   :165

Végül rendezzük a sorokat országkód szerint növekvő sorrendbe:

Y.sorted <- Y[order(Y$"Country Code"),]
head(Y.sorted)
##      Country Name Country Code Year Population
## 1           Aruba          ABW 1960      54211
## 265         Aruba          ABW 1961      55438
## 529         Aruba          ABW 1962      56225
## 793         Aruba          ABW 1963      56695
## 1057        Aruba          ABW 1964      57032
## 1321        Aruba          ABW 1965      57360

1.3 IMDb

Az adatok forrása: https://datasets.imdbws.com/

Az adatokat TSV formátumban tartalmazó tömörített állomány letöltése:

tmp <- tempfile(fileext = ".gz")
download.file("https://datasets.imdbws.com/title.basics.tsv.gz", tmp)

Az állomány túl nagy ahhoz, hogy read.delim függvénnyel olvassuk be, a data.table csomag fread függvényét használjuk helyette:

library(data.table)
## data.table 1.12.2 using 4 threads (see ?getDTthreads).  Latest news: r-datatable.com
## 
## Attaching package: 'data.table'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:reshape2':
## 
##     dcast, melt
## The following objects are masked from 'package:lubridate':
## 
##     hour, isoweek, mday, minute, month, quarter, second, wday,
##     week, yday, year
X <- fread(tmp, sep = "\t", na.strings = "\\N", quote = "", verbose = TRUE)
## omp_get_num_procs()==8
## R_DATATABLE_NUM_PROCS_PERCENT=="" (default 50)
## R_DATATABLE_NUM_THREADS==""
## omp_get_thread_limit()==2147483647
## omp_get_max_threads()==8
## OMP_THREAD_LIMIT==""
## OMP_NUM_THREADS==""
## data.table is using 4 threads. This is set on startup, and by setDTthreads(). See ?setDTthreads.
## RestoreAfterFork==true
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'R.oo':
##   method        from       
##   throw.default R.methodsS3
## Input contains no \n. Taking this to be a filename to open
## [01] Check arguments
##   Using 4 threads (omp_get_max_threads()=8, nth=4)
##   NAstrings = [<<\N>>]
##   None of the NAstrings look like numbers.
##   show progress = 1
##   0/1 column will be read as integer
## [02] Opening the file
##   Opening file /tmp/RtmpLKNfbu/file90041986e1f
##   File opened, size = 480.3MB (503679513 bytes).
##   Memory mapped ok
## [03] Detect and skip BOM
## [04] Arrange mmap to be \0 terminated
##   \n has been found in the input and different lines can end with different line endings (e.g. mixed \n and \r\n in one file). This is common and ideal.
## [05] Skipping initial rows if needed
##   Positioned on line 1 starting: <<tconst    titleType   primaryTitle    >>
## [06] Detect separator, quoting rule, and ncolumns
##   Using supplied sep '\t'
##   sep=0x9  with 100 lines of 9 fields using quote rule 0
##   Detected 9 columns on line 1. This line is either column names or first data row. Line starts as: <<tconst titleType   primaryTitle    >>
##   Quote rule picked = 0
##   fill=false and the most number of columns found is 9
## [07] Detect column types, good nrow estimate and whether first row is column names
##   Number of sampling jump points = 100 because (503679512 bytes from row 1 to eof) / (2 * 9100 jump0size) == 27674
##   Type codes (jump 000)    : AAAA5525A  Quote rule 0
##   Type codes (jump 001)    : AAAA5555A  Quote rule 0
##   Type codes (jump 100)    : AAAA5555A  Quote rule 0
##   'header' determined to be true due to column 5 containing a string on row 1 and a lower type (int32) in the rest of the 10053 sample rows
##   =====
##   Sampled 10053 rows (handled \n inside quoted fields) at 101 jump points
##   Bytes from first data row on line 2 to the end of last row: 503679420
##   Line length: mean=84.08 sd=23.29 min=39 max=343
##   Estimated number of rows: 503679420 / 84.08 = 5990530
##   Initial alloc = 11981060 rows (5990530 + 100%) using bytes/max(mean-2*sd,min) clamped between [1.1*estn, 2.0*estn]
##   =====
## [08] Assign column names
## [09] Apply user overrides on column types
##   After 0 type and 0 drop user overrides : AAAA5555A
## [10] Allocate memory for the datatable
##   Allocating 9 column slots (9 - 0 dropped) with 11981060 rows
## [11] Read the data
##   jumps=[0..480), chunk_size=1049332, total_size=503679420
## Read 5937358 rows x 9 columns from 480.3MB (503679513 bytes) file in 00:12.029 wall clock time
## [12] Finalizing the datatable
##   Type counts:
##          4 : int32     '5'
##          5 : string    'A'
## =============================
##    0.000s (  0%) Memory map 0.469GB file
##    0.002s (  0%) sep='\t' ncol=9 and header detection
##    0.000s (  0%) Column type detection using 10053 sample rows
##    1.017s (  8%) Allocation of 11981060 rows x 9 cols (0.625GB) of which 5937358 ( 50%) rows used
##   11.010s ( 92%) Reading 480 chunks (0 swept) of 1.001MB (each chunk 12369 rows) using 4 threads
##    +    0.669s (  6%) Parse to row-major thread buffers (grown 0 times)
##    +    9.071s ( 75%) Transpose
##    +    1.270s ( 11%) Waiting
##    0.000s (  0%) Rereading 0 columns due to out-of-sample type exceptions
##   12.029s        Total

Vizsgáljuk meg az adatokat:

str(X)
## Classes 'data.table' and 'data.frame':   5937358 obs. of  9 variables:
##  $ tconst        : chr  "tt0000001" "tt0000002" "tt0000003" "tt0000004" ...
##  $ titleType     : chr  "short" "short" "short" "short" ...
##  $ primaryTitle  : chr  "Carmencita" "Le clown et ses chiens" "Pauvre Pierrot" "Un bon bock" ...
##  $ originalTitle : chr  "Carmencita" "Le clown et ses chiens" "Pauvre Pierrot" "Un bon bock" ...
##  $ isAdult       : int  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ startYear     : int  1894 1892 1892 1892 1893 1894 1894 1894 1894 1895 ...
##  $ endYear       : int  NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ runtimeMinutes: int  1 5 4 NA 1 1 1 1 45 1 ...
##  $ genres        : chr  "Documentary,Short" "Animation,Short" "Animation,Comedy,Romance" "Animation,Short" ...
##  - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>
summary(X)
##     tconst           titleType         primaryTitle      
##  Length:5937358     Length:5937358     Length:5937358    
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                                          
##                                                          
##                                                          
##                                                          
##  originalTitle         isAdult          startYear         endYear       
##  Length:5937358     Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :1874     Min.   :1924     
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:1996     1st Qu.:1992     
##  Mode  :character   Median :0.00000   Median :2009     Median :2007     
##                     Mean   :0.02993   Mean   :2001     Mean   :2001     
##                     3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:2014     3rd Qu.:2015     
##                     Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :2115     Max.   :2027     
##                                       NA's   :334946   NA's   :5887267  
##  runtimeMinutes       genres         
##  Min.   :     0    Length:5937358    
##  1st Qu.:    15    Class :character  
##  Median :    30    Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :    45                      
##  3rd Qu.:    61                      
##  Max.   :125156                      
##  NA's   :4157753
X
##             tconst titleType              primaryTitle
##       1: tt0000001     short                Carmencita
##       2: tt0000002     short    Le clown et ses chiens
##       3: tt0000003     short            Pauvre Pierrot
##       4: tt0000004     short               Un bon bock
##       5: tt0000005     short          Blacksmith Scene
##      ---                                              
## 5937354: tt9916848 tvEpisode             Episode #3.17
## 5937355: tt9916850 tvEpisode             Episode #3.19
## 5937356: tt9916852 tvEpisode             Episode #3.20
## 5937357: tt9916856     short                  The Wind
## 5937358: tt9916880 tvEpisode Horrid Henry Knows It All
##                      originalTitle isAdult startYear endYear
##       1:                Carmencita       0      1894      NA
##       2:    Le clown et ses chiens       0      1892      NA
##       3:            Pauvre Pierrot       0      1892      NA
##       4:               Un bon bock       0      1892      NA
##       5:          Blacksmith Scene       0      1893      NA
##      ---                                                    
## 5937354:             Episode #3.17       0      2010      NA
## 5937355:             Episode #3.19       0      2010      NA
## 5937356:             Episode #3.20       0      2010      NA
## 5937357:                  The Wind       0      2015      NA
## 5937358: Horrid Henry Knows It All       0      2014      NA
##          runtimeMinutes                   genres
##       1:              1        Documentary,Short
##       2:              5          Animation,Short
##       3:              4 Animation,Comedy,Romance
##       4:             NA          Animation,Short
##       5:              1             Comedy,Short
##      ---                                        
## 5937354:             NA      Action,Drama,Family
## 5937355:             NA      Action,Drama,Family
## 5937356:             NA      Action,Drama,Family
## 5937357:             27                    Short
## 5937358:             NA  Animation,Comedy,Family

Készítsünk hisztogramot:

library(ggplot2)
qplot(startYear, data = X, geom = "histogram", binwidth = 1, xlab = "Year")
## Warning: Removed 334946 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

2 MS Excel

2.1 Demográfiai adatok

Az adatok forrása: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL

Az adatokat tartalmazó MS Excel állomány letöltése:

tmp <- tempfile(fileext = ".xls")
tmp
## [1] "/tmp/RtmpLKNfbu/file90074d9d480.xls"
download.file("https://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?downloadformat=excel", tmp)

Az adatok beolvasása a letöltött állományból:

library(readxl)
X <- read_excel(tmp, skip = 3)

Vizsgáljuk meg az adatokat:

str(X)
## Classes 'tbl_df', 'tbl' and 'data.frame':    264 obs. of  63 variables:
##  $ Country Name  : chr  "Aruba" "Afghanistan" "Angola" "Albania" ...
##  $ Country Code  : chr  "ABW" "AFG" "AGO" "ALB" ...
##  $ Indicator Name: chr  "Population, total" "Population, total" "Population, total" "Population, total" ...
##  $ Indicator Code: chr  "SP.POP.TOTL" "SP.POP.TOTL" "SP.POP.TOTL" "SP.POP.TOTL" ...
##  $ 1960          : num  54211 8996351 5643182 1608800 13411 ...
##  $ 1961          : num  55438 9166764 5753024 1659800 14375 ...
##  $ 1962          : num  56225 9345868 5866061 1711319 15370 ...
##  $ 1963          : num  56695 9533954 5980417 1762621 16412 ...
##  $ 1964          : num  57032 9731361 6093321 1814135 17469 ...
##  $ 1965          : num  57360 9938414 6203299 1864791 18549 ...
##  $ 1966          : num  57715 10152331 6309770 1914573 19647 ...
##  $ 1967          : num  58055 10372630 6414995 1965598 20758 ...
##  $ 1968          : num  58386 10604346 6523791 2022272 21890 ...
##  $ 1969          : num  58726 10854428 6642632 2081695 23058 ...
##  $ 1970          : num  59063 11126123 6776381 2135479 24276 ...
##  $ 1971          : num  59440 11417825 6927269 2187853 25559 ...
##  $ 1972          : num  59840 11721940 7094834 2243126 26892 ...
##  $ 1973          : num  60243 12027822 7277960 2296752 28232 ...
##  $ 1974          : num  60528 12321541 7474338 2350124 29520 ...
##  $ 1975          : num  60657 12590286 7682479 2404831 30705 ...
##  $ 1976          : num  60586 12840299 7900997 2458526 31777 ...
##  $ 1977          : num  60366 13067538 8130988 2513546 32771 ...
##  $ 1978          : num  60103 13237734 8376147 2566266 33737 ...
##  $ 1979          : num  59980 13306695 8641521 2617832 34818 ...
##  $ 1980          : num  60096 13248370 8929900 2671997 36067 ...
##  $ 1981          : num  60567 13053954 9244507 2726056 37500 ...
##  $ 1982          : num  61345 12749645 9582156 2784278 39114 ...
##  $ 1983          : num  62201 12389269 9931562 2843960 40867 ...
##  $ 1984          : num  62836 12047115 10277321 2904429 42706 ...
##  $ 1985          : num  63026 11783050 10609042 2964762 44600 ...
##  $ 1986          : num  62644 11601041 10921037 3022635 46517 ...
##  $ 1987          : num  61833 11502761 11218268 3083605 48455 ...
##  $ 1988          : num  61079 11540888 11513968 3142336 50434 ...
##  $ 1989          : num  61032 11777609 11827237 3227943 52448 ...
##  $ 1990          : num  62149 12249114 12171441 3286542 54509 ...
##  $ 1991          : num  64622 12993657 12553446 3266790 56671 ...
##  $ 1992          : num  68235 13981231 12968345 3247039 58888 ...
##  $ 1993          : num  72504 15095099 13403734 3227287 60971 ...
##  $ 1994          : num  76700 16172719 13841301 3207536 62677 ...
##  $ 1995          : num  80324 17099541 14268994 3187784 63850 ...
##  $ 1996          : num  83200 17822884 14682284 3168033 64360 ...
##  $ 1997          : num  85451 18381605 15088981 3148281 64327 ...
##  $ 1998          : num  87277 18863999 15504318 3128530 64142 ...
##  $ 1999          : num  89005 19403676 15949766 3108778 64370 ...
##  $ 2000          : num  90853 20093756 16440924 3089027 65390 ...
##  $ 2001          : num  92898 20966463 16983266 3060173 67341 ...
##  $ 2002          : num  94992 21979923 17572649 3051010 70049 ...
##  $ 2003          : num  97017 23064851 18203369 3039616 73182 ...
##  $ 2004          : num  98737 24118979 18865716 3026939 76244 ...
##  $ 2005          : num  100031 25070798 19552542 3011487 78867 ...
##  $ 2006          : num  100832 25893450 20262399 2992547 80991 ...
##  $ 2007          : num  101220 26616792 20997687 2970017 82683 ...
##  $ 2008          : num  101353 27294031 21759420 2947314 83861 ...
##  $ 2009          : num  101453 28004331 22549547 2927519 84462 ...
##  $ 2010          : num  101669 28803167 23369131 2913021 84449 ...
##  $ 2011          : num  102053 29708599 24218565 2905195 83751 ...
##  $ 2012          : num  102577 30696958 25096150 2900401 82431 ...
##  $ 2013          : num  103187 31731688 25998340 2895092 80788 ...
##  $ 2014          : num  103795 32758020 26920466 2889104 79223 ...
##  $ 2015          : num  104341 33736494 27859305 2880703 78014 ...
##  $ 2016          : num  104822 34656032 28813463 2876101 77281 ...
##  $ 2017          : num  105264 35530081 29784193 2873457 76965 ...
##  $ 2018          : logi  NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
summary(X)
##  Country Name       Country Code       Indicator Name    
##  Length:264         Length:264         Length:264        
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                                          
##                                                          
##                                                          
##                                                          
##  Indicator Code          1960                1961          
##  Length:264         Min.   :4.279e+03   Min.   :4.453e+03  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.:5.184e+05   1st Qu.:5.301e+05  
##  Mode  :character   Median :3.670e+06   Median :3.734e+06  
##                     Mean   :1.178e+08   Mean   :1.194e+08  
##                     3rd Qu.:2.533e+07   3rd Qu.:2.612e+07  
##                     Max.   :3.032e+09   Max.   :3.073e+09  
##                     NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1962                1963                1964          
##  Min.   :4.566e+03   Min.   :4.656e+03   Min.   :4.748e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.427e+05   1st Qu.:5.560e+05   1st Qu.:5.684e+05  
##  Median :3.840e+06   Median :3.955e+06   Median :4.074e+06  
##  Mean   :1.215e+08   Mean   :1.241e+08   Mean   :1.268e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.691e+07   3rd Qu.:2.770e+07   3rd Qu.:2.848e+07  
##  Max.   :3.127e+09   Max.   :3.192e+09   Max.   :3.257e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1965                1966                1967          
##  Min.   :4.841e+03   Min.   :4.936e+03   Min.   :5.033e+03  
##  1st Qu.:5.728e+05   1st Qu.:5.786e+05   1st Qu.:5.882e+05  
##  Median :4.171e+06   Median :4.234e+06   Median :4.300e+06  
##  Mean   :1.295e+08   Mean   :1.324e+08   Mean   :1.353e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:2.925e+07   3rd Qu.:3.000e+07   3rd Qu.:3.060e+07  
##  Max.   :3.325e+09   Max.   :3.395e+09   Max.   :3.464e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1968                1969                1970          
##  Min.   :5.161e+03   Min.   :5.303e+03   Min.   :5.450e+03  
##  1st Qu.:6.258e+05   1st Qu.:6.568e+05   1st Qu.:6.751e+05  
##  Median :4.368e+06   Median :4.449e+06   Median :4.524e+06  
##  Mean   :1.382e+08   Mean   :1.412e+08   Mean   :1.443e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.120e+07   3rd Qu.:3.180e+07   3rd Qu.:3.235e+07  
##  Max.   :3.535e+09   Max.   :3.610e+09   Max.   :3.686e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1971                1972                1973          
##  Min.   :5.601e+03   Min.   :5.756e+03   Min.   :5.915e+03  
##  1st Qu.:6.905e+05   1st Qu.:7.011e+05   1st Qu.:7.110e+05  
##  Median :4.622e+06   Median :4.729e+06   Median :4.844e+06  
##  Mean   :1.475e+08   Mean   :1.506e+08   Mean   :1.538e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.281e+07   3rd Qu.:3.317e+07   3rd Qu.:3.354e+07  
##  Max.   :3.763e+09   Max.   :3.840e+09   Max.   :3.916e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1974                1975                1976          
##  Min.   :6.078e+03   Min.   :6.291e+03   Min.   :6.530e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.194e+05   1st Qu.:7.256e+05   1st Qu.:7.315e+05  
##  Median :4.961e+06   Median :5.035e+06   Median :5.129e+06  
##  Mean   :1.569e+08   Mean   :1.600e+08   Mean   :1.630e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.393e+07   3rd Qu.:3.433e+07   3rd Qu.:3.473e+07  
##  Max.   :3.993e+09   Max.   :4.068e+09   Max.   :4.141e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1977                1978                1979          
##  Min.   :6.778e+03   Min.   :7.035e+03   Min.   :7.264e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.588e+05   1st Qu.:7.839e+05   1st Qu.:7.884e+05  
##  Median :5.276e+06   Median :5.397e+06   Median :5.518e+06  
##  Mean   :1.660e+08   Mean   :1.691e+08   Mean   :1.722e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.521e+07   3rd Qu.:3.620e+07   3rd Qu.:3.721e+07  
##  Max.   :4.213e+09   Max.   :4.287e+09   Max.   :4.363e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1980                1981                1982          
##  Min.   :7.488e+03   Min.   :7.592e+03   Min.   :7.717e+03  
##  1st Qu.:7.957e+05   1st Qu.:8.063e+05   1st Qu.:8.198e+05  
##  Median :5.641e+06   Median :5.785e+06   Median :5.938e+06  
##  Mean   :1.754e+08   Mean   :1.786e+08   Mean   :1.820e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.765e+07   3rd Qu.:3.800e+07   3rd Qu.:3.832e+07  
##  Max.   :4.439e+09   Max.   :4.518e+09   Max.   :4.599e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1983                1984                1985          
##  Min.   :7.854e+03   Min.   :8.005e+03   Min.   :8.173e+03  
##  1st Qu.:8.373e+05   1st Qu.:8.597e+05   1st Qu.:8.822e+05  
##  Median :6.099e+06   Median :6.265e+06   Median :6.427e+06  
##  Mean   :1.854e+08   Mean   :1.889e+08   Mean   :1.923e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:3.869e+07   3rd Qu.:3.974e+07   3rd Qu.:4.080e+07  
##  Max.   :4.681e+09   Max.   :4.763e+09   Max.   :4.846e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1986                1987                1988          
##  Min.   :8.353e+03   Min.   :8.554e+03   Min.   :8.755e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.045e+05   1st Qu.:9.269e+05   1st Qu.:9.497e+05  
##  Median :6.516e+06   Median :6.701e+06   Median :6.858e+06  
##  Mean   :1.959e+08   Mean   :1.996e+08   Mean   :2.033e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.144e+07   3rd Qu.:4.209e+07   3rd Qu.:4.276e+07  
##  Max.   :4.932e+09   Max.   :5.020e+09   Max.   :5.109e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :4           NA's   :4          
##       1989                1990                1991          
##  Min.   :8.947e+03   Min.   :9.003e+03   Min.   :9.053e+03  
##  1st Qu.:9.730e+05   1st Qu.:1.024e+06   1st Qu.:1.045e+06  
##  Median :7.000e+06   Median :7.129e+06   Median :7.148e+06  
##  Mean   :2.071e+08   Mean   :2.092e+08   Mean   :2.129e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.345e+07   3rd Qu.:4.231e+07   3rd Qu.:4.277e+07  
##  Max.   :5.198e+09   Max.   :5.288e+09   Max.   :5.376e+09  
##  NA's   :4           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       1992                1993                1994          
##  Min.   :9.109e+03   Min.   :9.156e+03   Min.   :9.190e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.063e+06   1st Qu.:1.089e+06   1st Qu.:1.113e+06  
##  Median :7.382e+06   Median :7.495e+06   Median :7.584e+06  
##  Mean   :2.172e+08   Mean   :2.208e+08   Mean   :2.243e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.375e+07   3rd Qu.:4.419e+07   3rd Qu.:4.464e+07  
##  Max.   :5.460e+09   Max.   :5.545e+09   Max.   :5.629e+09  
##  NA's   :3           NA's   :3           NA's   :3          
##       1995                1996                1997          
##  Min.   :9.230e+03   Min.   :9.256e+03   Min.   :9.277e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.126e+06   1st Qu.:1.140e+06   1st Qu.:1.156e+06  
##  Median :7.655e+06   Median :7.740e+06   Median :7.855e+06  
##  Mean   :2.269e+08   Mean   :2.304e+08   Mean   :2.339e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.463e+07   3rd Qu.:4.509e+07   3rd Qu.:4.556e+07  
##  Max.   :5.714e+09   Max.   :5.797e+09   Max.   :5.879e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       1998                1999                2000          
##  Min.   :9.306e+03   Min.   :9.345e+03   Min.   :9.420e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.166e+06   1st Qu.:1.198e+06   1st Qu.:1.231e+06  
##  Median :7.913e+06   Median :7.992e+06   Median :8.049e+06  
##  Mean   :2.364e+08   Mean   :2.397e+08   Mean   :2.431e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.562e+07   3rd Qu.:4.626e+07   3rd Qu.:4.704e+07  
##  Max.   :5.961e+09   Max.   :6.041e+09   Max.   :6.121e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2001                2002                2003          
##  Min.   :9.512e+03   Min.   :9.635e+03   Min.   :9.767e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.265e+06   1st Qu.:1.286e+06   1st Qu.:1.303e+06  
##  Median :8.111e+06   Median :8.172e+06   Median :8.234e+06  
##  Mean   :2.464e+08   Mean   :2.497e+08   Mean   :2.530e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.788e+07   3rd Qu.:4.792e+07   3rd Qu.:4.785e+07  
##  Max.   :6.201e+09   Max.   :6.280e+09   Max.   :6.359e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2004                2005                2006          
##  Min.   :9.894e+03   Min.   :1.003e+04   Min.   :1.007e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.320e+06   1st Qu.:1.326e+06   1st Qu.:1.325e+06  
##  Median :8.306e+06   Median :8.392e+06   Median :8.485e+06  
##  Mean   :2.564e+08   Mean   :2.598e+08   Mean   :2.632e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.816e+07   3rd Qu.:4.865e+07   3rd Qu.:4.911e+07  
##  Max.   :6.439e+09   Max.   :6.520e+09   Max.   :6.601e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2007                2008                2009          
##  Min.   :1.000e+04   Min.   :9.947e+03   Min.   :9.945e+03  
##  1st Qu.:1.325e+06   1st Qu.:1.363e+06   1st Qu.:1.426e+06  
##  Median :8.857e+06   Median :9.220e+06   Median :9.299e+06  
##  Mean   :2.666e+08   Mean   :2.701e+08   Mean   :2.736e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:4.953e+07   3rd Qu.:4.995e+07   3rd Qu.:5.039e+07  
##  Max.   :6.683e+09   Max.   :6.766e+09   Max.   :6.849e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :1          
##       2010                2011                2012          
##  Min.   :1.002e+04   Min.   :1.006e+04   Min.   :1.028e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.444e+06   1st Qu.:1.465e+06   1st Qu.:1.416e+06  
##  Median :9.378e+06   Median :9.461e+06   Median :9.624e+06  
##  Mean   :2.771e+08   Mean   :2.807e+08   Mean   :2.853e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.087e+07   3rd Qu.:5.141e+07   3rd Qu.:5.250e+07  
##  Max.   :6.933e+09   Max.   :7.015e+09   Max.   :7.099e+09  
##  NA's   :1           NA's   :1           NA's   :2          
##       2013                2014                2015          
##  Min.   :1.082e+04   Min.   :1.091e+04   Min.   :1.100e+04  
##  1st Qu.:1.432e+06   1st Qu.:1.447e+06   1st Qu.:1.472e+06  
##  Median :9.747e+06   Median :9.879e+06   Median :1.002e+07  
##  Mean   :2.890e+08   Mean   :2.927e+08   Mean   :2.964e+08  
##  3rd Qu.:5.319e+07   3rd Qu.:5.396e+07   3rd Qu.:5.494e+07  
##  Max.   :7.185e+09   Max.   :7.271e+09   Max.   :7.357e+09  
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2           NA's   :2          
##       2016                2017             2018        
##  Min.   :1.110e+04   Min.   :1.119e+04   Mode:logical  
##  1st Qu.:1.523e+06   1st Qu.:1.577e+06   NA's:264      
##  Median :1.012e+07   Median :1.018e+07                 
##  Mean   :3.002e+08   Mean   :3.039e+08                 
##  3rd Qu.:5.590e+07   3rd Qu.:5.716e+07                 
##  Max.   :7.444e+09   Max.   :7.530e+09                 
##  NA's   :2           NA's   :2